Food allergies and intolerances are different conditions that often get confused. Understanding the distinction is crucial for proper management.
Food Allergies (IgE-mediated)
True immune system reactions. Can be severe or life-threatening (anaphylaxis). Triggered by even small amounts of the food. Common culprits: peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, fish, eggs, milk, wheat, soy.
Food Intolerances
Digestive system issues, not immune reactions. Symptoms are typically GI-related (bloating, gas, diarrhea). Often dose-dependent. Lactose intolerance is the most common example.
Food Sensitivities
Delayed, often inflammatory reactions (IgG-mediated). Symptoms can be diverse and delayed. Often identified through elimination diets. Not life-threatening but can significantly impact quality of life.
Testing
For true allergies: skin prick tests or blood tests (IgE). For intolerances: hydrogen breath tests (lactose, fructose), elimination diets. Be wary of unvalidated tests like IgG food sensitivity panels.
